Handling SXT pile-up

At present, if a source is producing (or expected to produce) < 40 counts/s, it is safe to assume no pile-up for the PC mode. This limiting count rate will be ~8.6 times larger in the FW mode. Our current analysis shows that in order to get rid of pile-up for ultra-bright sources like Crab, Cyg X-1 etc., a 1 arcmin central removal of the PSF is enough.

$ xselect

                        **  XSELECT V2.4j  **

$ Enter session name >[ ] xsel 
$ xsel:NICER > read event AS1A02_090T01_9000000778sxtPC00_level2_cl.evt 
$ Enter the Event file dir >[ ] 
/path/to/data_directory/20161108_A02_090T01_9000000778_level2_06029_V1.1/sxt/06029/sxt.02
Got new mission: ASTROSAT

Here /path/to/data_directory/ is the path where you have saved your SXT data.

$ Reset the mission ? >[ ] yes 
 
 Notes: XSELECT set up for      ASTROSAT
 Time keyword is TIME       in units of s
 Default timing binsize =   5.0000
 
Setting...
 Image  keywords   = X          Y           with binning =    1
 WMAP   keywords   = X          Y           with binning =    1
 Energy keyword   = PI                     with binning =    1
 
Getting Min and Max for Energy Column...
Got min and max for PI:     0   1023
 
Got the minimum time resolution of the read data:   2.3775
MJDREF =  5.5197000000000E+04 with TIMESYS = UTC
 Number of files read in:            1
 
******************** Observation Catalogue ********************
 
Data Directory is: /path/to/data_directory/20161108_A02_090T01_9000000778_level2_06029_V1.1/sxt/06029/sxt.02/
HK Directory is: 
/path/to/data_directory/20161108_A02_090T01_9000000778_level2_06029_V1.1/sxt/06029/sxt.02/
 
 
        TELESCOP    INSTRUME    DATAMODE    DATE-OBS    OBJECT      ORB_NUM
      1 ASTROSAT    SXT         PC          2016-11-08  Crab            6029
 
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > filter region ds9.reg 
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > extract curve
extractor v5.36    26 Feb 2020
 Getting FITS WCS Keywords
 Doing file:  /path/to/data_directory/20161108_A02_090T01_9000000778_level2_06029_V1.1/sxt/06029/sxt.02/AS1A02_090T01_9000000778sxtPC00_level2_cl.evt[regfilter("xsel_region.xsl",X,Y)]
100% completed
          Total      Good    Bad: Time     Phase     Grade       Cut
           7097      7097            0         0         0         0
===============================================================================
    Grand Total      Good    Bad: Time     Phase     Grade       Cut
           7097      7097            0         0         0         0
   in  109.36     seconds
 Fits light curve has     7097 counts for  64.89     counts/sec

This count rate is above the limit for pile-up. Thus, the next step is to extract an image taking an annular region of inner radii 4.5 arcminutes and outer radii 12 arcminutes.

$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > plot curve
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > filter region annulus.reg 
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > extract curve
extractor v5.36    26 Feb 2020
 Getting FITS WCS Keywords
 Doing file: /path/to/data_directory/20161108_A02_090T01_9000000778_level2_06029_V1.1/sxt/06029/sxt.02/AS1A02_090T01_9000000778sxtPC00_level2_cl.evt[regfilter("xsel_region.xsl",X,Y)]
100% completed
          Total      Good    Bad: Time     Phase     Grade       Cut
           3980      3980            0         0         0         0
===============================================================================
    Grand Total      Good    Bad: Time     Phase     Grade       Cut
           3980      3980            0         0         0         0
   in  109.36     seconds
 Fits light curve has     3980 counts for  36.39     counts/sec

This count rate is now below the limit for pile-up.

$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > plot curve

$ PLT> hardcopy crab_lightcurve.ps/cps
$ PLT> exit
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > extract all
extractor v5.36    26 Feb 2020
 Getting FITS WCS Keywords
 Doing file: /path/to/data_directory/20161108_A02_090T01_9000000778_level2_06029_V1.1/sxt/06029/sxt.02/AS1A02_090T01_9000000778sxtPC00_level2_cl.evt[regfilter("xsel_region.xsl",X,Y)]
100% completed
          Total      Good    Bad: Time     Phase     Grade       Cut
           3980      3980            0         0         0         0
===============================================================================
    Grand Total      Good    Bad: Time     Phase     Grade       Cut
           3980      3980            0         0         0         0
   in  109.36     seconds
 Fits light curve has     3980 counts for  36.39     counts/sec
 Spectrum         has     3980 counts for  36.39     counts/sec
 ... written the PHA data Extension
 Image            has     3980 counts for  36.39     counts/sec
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > save all crab
 
Saving the Spectrum:
Wrote spectrum to crab.pha
 
Saving the Image:
Wrote image to file crab.img
 
Saving the Light Curve:
Wrote FITS light curve to file crab.lc
$ xsel:ASTROSAT-SXT-PC > exit
$ Save this session? >[ ] No